Episode 73 - How to use "potential form" (How to say "can do, can buy, can speak etc.")

Learn Japanese with Masa sensei!

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~ことができます (Koto Ga Dekimasu): Formal Potential Form With Verbs

If you want to use the potential form with verbs, one way is to use the present tense form of the verb followed by ことができる. This phrase directly translates to “be able to do ~ing,” where the “ing” is the verb being used. Take a look at the following example sentence for a more in-depth explanation.

私は日本語を話すことができます。

watashi wa nihongo wo hanasu koto ga dekimasu

Meaning: I can speak Japanese. (ability to speak Japanese)

～ができます (ga dekimasu) : Noun + dekimasu

できる can be used in various ways to communicate potential; for example, it can communicate skill or capability when used with a noun.

私はテニスができます。

watashi wa tenisu ga dekimasu

Meaning: I can play tennis. (ability to play tennis)

Group 1 : Potential form

To write 書きます (kakimasu) 書けます (kakemasu)

To speak 話します (hanashimasu) 話せます (hanasemasu)

To stand 立ちます (tachimasu) 立てます (tatemasu)

To drink 飲みます (nomimasu) 飲めます (nomemasu)

Group 2 : Potential form

To see, look, watch 見ます (mimasu) 見られます (miraremasu)

To wear 着ます (kimasu) 着られます (kiraremasu)

To eat 食べます (tabemasu) 食べられます (taberaremasu)

To answer 答えます (kotaemasu) 答えられます (kotaeraremasu)

Group 3 : Potential form

To do します (shimasu) できます (dekimasu)

To come きます (kimasu) 来られます (koraremasu)

私は日本語が話せます。

watashi wa nihongo ga hanasemasu

I can speak Japanese

兄は泳げます。

ani wa oyogemasu

My elder brother can swim.

弟は自転車に乗れます。

otouto wa jitensha ni noremasu

My younger brother can ride the bicycle.

明日パーティーに行けません。

ashita pa-ti- ni ikemasen

I can't go to the party tommorrow.

昨日晩御飯が食べられませんでした。

kinou bangohan ga taberaremasendeshita

I couldn't eat dinner yesterday.

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